:root {
    --primary: #1a3a5c;
    --primary-light: #2a5a8c;
    --accent: #c9a84c;
    --accent-light: #e8d07a;
    --bg-light: #f8f9fa;
    --bg-dark: #0d1b2a;
    --text-dark: #2c3e50;
    --text-muted: #6c757d;
    --border-color: #dee2e6;
    --shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    --shadow-hover: 0 5px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    --radius: 8px;
    --radius-lg: 12px;
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

body {
    font-family: 'Source Sans 3', 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, sans-serif;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    background: var(--bg-light);
    overflow-x: hidden;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-family: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
    letter-spacing: 0.1px;
}

/* Top Bar */
.top-bar {
    background: #474747;
    color: #e0e0e0;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    padding: 6px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #5a5a5a;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(15, 35, 58, 0.07);
}
.top-bar a { color: #474747; text-decoration: none; transition: var(--transition); font-weight: 600; }
.top-bar a:hover { color: #ffffff; }
.top-bar i {
    color: #f0e6c0;
}
.top-bar .contact-separator {
    color: rgba(200,200,200,0.5);
    margin: 0 6px;
}
.top-bar-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}
.topbar-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}
.topbar-logo {
    width: 88px;
    padding-right: 10px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 50%;
    padding: 2px;
    border: 2px solid rgba(201,168,76,0.4);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}
.topbar-copy {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-width: 0;
    padding-left: 12px;
}
.topbar-code {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.2;
    color: #e8e8e8;
    letter-spacing: 0.15px;
}
.topbar-code small {
    font-size: 0.55rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: #b0b0b0;
    letter-spacing: 1.5px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}
.topbar-meta {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: #c0c0c0;
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    margin-top: 1px;
}
.ugc-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    background: #ffc107;
    color: #000000;
    padding: 1px 8px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: 1.5;
}
.ugc-badge:hover {
    background: #e0a800;
    color: #000000;
}


.top-bar-tools {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
}
.top-paper-search {
    flex: 1 1 430px;
    max-width: 560px;
    min-width: 320px;
}
.top-paper-search-group {
    border: 1px solid #022e5a;
    border-radius: 999px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
    min-height: 46px;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(18, 46, 73, 0.08);
}
.top-paper-search-group .form-control {
    background: transparent;
    border: none;
    color: #163554;
    padding: 11px 18px;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.top-paper-search-group .form-control::placeholder {
    color: #7a8ea3;
}
.top-paper-search-group .form-control:focus {
    box-shadow: none;
    background: #ffffff;
}
.top-paper-search-group .btn {
    border: none;
    background: #1a3a5c;
    color: #ffffff;
    width: 64px;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
}
.top-paper-search-group .btn:hover {
    background: #244f78;
}
.top-user-links {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.top-user-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    min-height: 46px;
    padding: 0 16px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #cfdceb;
    color: #143553 !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    white-space: nowrap;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 37, 58, 0.06);
}
.top-user-link i {
    color: #c9a84c;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.top-user-link:hover {
    background: #1a3a5c;
    border-color: #1a3a5c;
    color: #ffffff !important;
}
.top-user-link:hover i {
    color: #e8d07a;
}

/* Navbar */
.navbar {
    background: #f9bf3b !important;
    padding: 4px 0;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(26,58,92,0.25), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    border-bottom: none;
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1080;
    overflow: visible;
    min-height: auto;
}
.navbar::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.15), transparent 50%);
    pointer-events: none;
}
.navbar::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(33,37,41,0.08), rgba(33,37,41,0.25), rgba(33,37,41,0.08));
    pointer-events: none;
}
.navbar .container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}
.navbar .nav-link {
    color: #212529 !important;
    padding: 8px 12px !important;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    border-radius: 999px;
    margin-left: 0;
    line-height: 1.2;
    position: relative;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}
.navbar .nav-link i {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    vertical-align: -1px;
}
.navbar .nav-link::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 2px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(0);
    width: 60%;
    height: 2px;
    background: #212529;
    border-radius: 2px;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
    opacity: 0.6;
}
.navbar .nav-link:hover::after,
.navbar .nav-link.active::after {
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(1);
}
.navbar .nav-link:hover,
.navbar .nav-link.active {
    color: #212529 !important;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.navbar .dropdown-menu {
    background: #212529;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 6px;
    margin-top: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
    min-width: 180px;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
    .navbar .dropdown {
        position: relative;
    }
    .navbar .dropdown > .dropdown-menu {
        display: block;
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transform: translateY(6px);
        transition: opacity 0.15s ease, transform 0.15s ease, visibility 0.15s ease;
        pointer-events: none;
        top: calc(100% - 4px);
    }
    .navbar .dropdown:hover > .dropdown-menu {
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: translateY(4px);
        pointer-events: auto;
    }
    .navbar .dropdown::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        bottom: -10px;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        height: 16px;
    }
}
.navbar .dropdown-item {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    padding: 6px 12px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border-bottom: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}
.navbar .dropdown-item:hover {
    background: #FFC107;
    color: #212529;
    transform: translateX(3px);
}
.navbar .navbar-toggler {
    border: 1px solid rgba(33,37,41,0.25);
    padding: 6px 10px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.25);
    border-radius: 8px;
}
.navbar .navbar-toggler:focus { box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(33,37,41,0.15); }
.navbar .navbar-toggler-icon {
    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba(33,37,41,0.7)' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") !important;
}

.archive-paper-actions .btn {
    min-width: 125px;
    text-align: center;
    flex: 0 1 auto;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero-section {
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 92%, rgba(92, 173, 255, 0.18) 0, rgba(92, 173, 255, 0) 34%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 8%, rgba(255, 206, 102, 0.12) 0, rgba(255, 206, 102, 0) 30%),
        linear-gradient(120deg, #123254 0%, #1c4b78 44%, #0b2138 100%);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 84px 0 62px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.hero-section::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -42%; right: -12%;
    width: 560px; height: 560px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}
.hero-section::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -32%; left: -8%;
    width: 430px; height: 430px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(90, 165, 242, 0.17);
}
.hero-section h1 {
    font-size: 2.8rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(2, 12, 24, 0.35);
}
.hero-section .badge-accent {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f1cd61 0%, #ddb34a 100%);
    color: #15263b;
    padding: 9px 20px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 26px rgba(6, 18, 32, 0.25);
}
.hero-section p {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    opacity: 0.92;
    max-width: 720px;
    color: rgba(238, 245, 255, 0.96);
}
.hero-section .btn-warning {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffd54f 0%, #ffc107 100%);
    border: none;
    color: #0f2740;
    box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(5, 14, 26, 0.32);
}
.hero-section .btn-warning:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffe07f 0%, #ffc107 100%);
    color: #091a2c;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.hero-section .btn-outline-light {
    border-color: rgba(173, 210, 245, 0.85);
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    color: #f3f8ff;
}
.hero-section .btn-outline-light:hover {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
    border-color: #ffffff;
    color: #ffffff;
}
.hero-section .bg-white.bg-opacity-10 {
    background: linear-gradient(150deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.16), rgba(148,193,235,0.1)) !important;
    border: 1px solid rgba(166, 212, 253, 0.44) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 34px rgba(3, 12, 24, 0.3);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
}
.hero-section .bg-white.bg-opacity-10 .text-white-50 {
    color: rgba(227, 239, 255, 0.86) !important;
}
.hero-metrics {
    margin-top: 44px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(144, 192, 237, 0.28);
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.08), rgba(255,255,255,0.04));
}
.hero-metrics .metric-item {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 22px 20px;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(163, 205, 244, 0.22);
}
.hero-metrics .metric-item:last-child { border-right: none; }
.hero-metrics .metric-number {
    font-size: 2.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #ffd157;
    display: block;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(5, 14, 25, 0.45);
}
.hero-metrics .metric-label {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1.2px;
    opacity: 0.92;
    color: rgba(226, 239, 255, 0.94);
}

/* Section Titles */
.section-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    position: relative;
}
.section-subtitle {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 1.03rem;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
}
.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: 60px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent);
    margin-top: 10px;
}
.text-center .section-title::after { margin: 10px auto 0; }

/* Cards */
.card {
    border: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
    overflow: hidden;
}
.card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); transform: translateY(-3px); }
.card .card-body { padding: 25px; }
.card .card-title { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; color: var(--primary); }
.card .card-text { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.card .card-meta {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding-top: 12px;
    margin-top: 12px;
}

/* Article Card Specific */
.article-card .card-img-top {
    height: 200px;
    object-fit: cover;
}
.article-card .badge {
    font-weight: 500;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}
.article-card .btn-outline-primary {
    border-color: var(--primary);
    color: var(--primary);
    border-radius: 50px;
    padding: 5px 18px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.article-card .btn-outline-primary:hover {
    background: #244F78;
    color: #fff;
}

/* Journal Info Boxes */
.info-box {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 30px 20px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
    height: 100%;
}
.info-box:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); }
.info-box .info-icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.info-box h5 { font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); font-size: 1rem; }
.info-box p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Editorial Board */
.editor-card {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 30px 20px;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
    height: 100%;
}
.editor-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); }
.editor-card .editor-img {
    width: 120px; height: 120px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    border: 3px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 3px;
}
.editor-card h5 { font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 2px; }
.editor-card .editor-role {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.editor-card .editor-affil {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
}
.editor-card .editor-social a {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 32px; height: 32px;
    line-height: 32px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    color: var(--primary);
    margin: 0 3px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.editor-card .editor-social a:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

/* Editorial Board - List Layout */
.editor-row {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    align-items: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.editor-row:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}
.editor-list-img {
    width: 64px;
    height: 64px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border: 2px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 2px;
}
.editor-list-detail h5 {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: 1px;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.editor-list-role {
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.editor-list-dept,
.editor-list-inst {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.83rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
.editor-list-country {
    color: #999;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
}

/* Call for Papers */
.cfp-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--bg-dark));
    color: #fff;
    padding: 60px 0;
}
.cfp-section h2 { font-weight: 700; font-size: 2rem; }
.cfp-section .badge {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--bg-dark);
    padding: 8px 18px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.cfp-section .deadline-item { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.cfp-section .deadline-item strong {
    color: var(--accent);
    min-width: 150px;
    display: inline-block;
}
.cfp-section .btn-accent {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--bg-dark);
    border-radius: 50px;
    padding: 12px 35px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.cfp-section .btn-accent:hover { background: var(--accent-light); transform: translateY(-2px); }

/* Sidebar */
.sidebar .widget {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.sidebar .widget-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}
.sidebar .widget ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.sidebar .widget ul li {
    padding: 8px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}
.sidebar .widget ul li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.sidebar .widget ul li a {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: block;
}
.sidebar .widget ul li a:hover { color: var(--accent); padding-left: 5px; }
.sidebar .widget .tag-cloud a {
    display: inline-block;
    background: var(--bg-light);
    padding: 4px 14px;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
    margin: 3px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.sidebar .widget .tag-cloud a:hover { background: var(--accent); color: #fff; }

/* Forms */
.form-control, .form-select {
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 10px 15px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.form-control:focus, .form-select:focus {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(201, 168, 76, 0.2);
}
.btn-primary {
    background: #244F78;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50px;
    padding: 10px 30px;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: #1a3d5e; transform: translateY(-2px); }
.btn-outline-primary {
    border-color: #244F78;
    color: #244F78;
}
.btn-outline-primary:hover { background: #244F78; color: #fff; border-color: #244F78; }
.btn-xs {
    padding: 1px 6px;
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    border-radius: 50px;
}
.btn-primary.btn-sm {
    padding: 4px 12px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    border-radius: 50px;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    background: var(--bg-dark);
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
    padding: 60px 0 0;
}
footer h5 {
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
}
footer h5::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0; left: 0;
    width: 40px; height: 2px;
    background: var(--accent);
}
footer a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); text-decoration: none; transition: var(--transition); }
footer a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
footer ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; }
footer ul li { padding: 5px 0; font-size: 0.88rem; }
footer ul li::before {
    content: '\f0da';
    font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free';
    font-weight: 900;
    margin-right: 8px;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 0.7rem;
}
footer .social-links a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 40px; height: 40px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    margin-right: 6px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
footer .social-links a:hover { background: var(--accent); color: var(--bg-dark); }
footer .copyright {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    padding: 20px 0;
    margin-top: 40px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb-section {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-light));
    color: #fff;
    padding: 40px 0;
}
.breadcrumb-section h1 { font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700; }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb { background: transparent; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb-item { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb-item a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7); text-decoration: none; }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb-item a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb-item.active { color: var(--accent); }
.breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb-item + .breadcrumb-item::before { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }

/* Page Content */

.page-content h2 { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.page-content h3 { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600; margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.page-content p { color: var(--text-muted); line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 15px; }
.page-content ul li { margin-bottom: 8px; }

/* Guidelines List */
.guidelines-list {
    counter-reset: guideline;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}
.guidelines-list li {
    counter-increment: guideline;
    padding: 15px 20px 15px 60px;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    position: relative;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.guidelines-list li:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); }
.guidelines-list li::before {
    content: counter(guideline);
    position: absolute;
    left: 15px; top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 32px; height: 32px;
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--bg-dark);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.guidelines-list li strong { color: var(--primary); }

/* Timeline for Archives */
.timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 30px;
}
.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 8px; top: 0; bottom: 0;
    width: 2px;
    background: var(--accent);
}
.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    padding: 20px;
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.timeline-item:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover); }
.timeline-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: -26px; top: 24px;
    width: 14px; height: 14px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--accent);
    border: 3px solid #fff;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.timeline-item .timeline-date {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--accent);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.timeline-item h5 { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 700; }
.timeline-item p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }

/* Pagination */
.pagination .page-link {
    color: var(--primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    margin: 0 3px;
    border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.pagination .page-link:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }
.pagination .page-item.active .page-link {
    background: var(--primary);
    border-color: var(--primary);
}

/* Search */
.search-box .input-group {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-radius: 50px;
    overflow: hidden;
}
.search-box .form-control {
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-right: none;
    padding: 12px 20px;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.search-box .btn-search {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--bg-dark);
    border: 1px solid var(--accent);
    padding: 12px 25px;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.search-box .btn-search:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; border-color: var(--primary); }

/* Alert / Notification */
.alert-accent {
    background: rgba(201, 168, 76, 0.15);
    border: 1px solid var(--accent);
    color: var(--primary);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}

/* Registration */
.registration-tabs .nav-link {
    border-radius: 999px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(26,58,92,0.12);
    color: var(--primary);
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    margin: 0 6px 8px;
    background: #fff;
}
.registration-tabs .nav-link.active {
    background: var(--primary);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: var(--primary);
}
.registration-content .card {
    overflow: visible;
}
.registration-heading .info-icon {
    width: 60px;
    height: 60px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(201, 168, 76, 0.14);
}
.registration-heading .info-icon i {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* Public Login */
.portal-login-section {
    background: radial-gradient(circle at top left, rgba(201,168,76,0.18), transparent 40%), linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f4f9 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    padding: 56px 0;
}
.portal-login-card {
    border-radius: 24px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 22px 55px rgba(13,27,42,0.16);
    background: #fff;
}
.portal-login-brand {
    background: linear-gradient(165deg, #11727f 0%, #0f9eaf 52%, #16b9cc 100%);
    color: #fff;
    min-height: 100%;
    padding: 48px 34px;
    position: relative;
}
.portal-login-brand::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: auto -60px -70px auto;
    width: 220px;
    height: 220px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
}
.portal-login-logo {
    width: 88px;
    height: 88px;
    border-radius: 18px;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.portal-login-logo img {
    width: 54px;
    height: 54px;
    object-fit: contain;
}
.portal-login-brand h2 {
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 2.05rem;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.portal-login-brand p {
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.88);
    margin-bottom: 22px;
}
.portal-login-benefit {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.portal-login-benefit i {
    width: 28px;
    height: 28px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,0.22);
}
.portal-login-body {
    padding: 42px 36px;
}
.portal-login-body h3 {
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #10263f;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.portal-login-body .subtext {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.role-switch {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.role-switch .form-check-input {
    display: none;
}
.role-switch .form-check-label {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16,38,63,0.15);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 9px 6px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.87rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.role-switch .form-check-input:checked + .form-check-label {
    border-color: #0f9eaf;
    background: rgba(15,158,175,0.12);
    color: #0f6673;
}
.portal-login-body .btn-login {
    width: 100%;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 12px;
    min-height: 46px;
    font-weight: 700;
    background: #0f9eaf;
    color: #fff;
}
.portal-login-body .btn-login:hover {
    background: #0a7b89;
    color: #fff;
}
.portal-login-meta {
    margin-top: 15px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.portal-login-meta a {
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.portal-login-meta a:hover {
    color: #0a7b89;
}

/* Issue Cards */
.issue-articles-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
}
.issue-article-card {
    background: #f3f4f5;
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 16px 22px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e6ea;
}
.issue-article-head {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.issue-article-tag {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #f3c30e;
    color: #1d2c3b;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.issue-article-pages {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 400;
}
.issue-article-title {
    margin: 0 0 6px;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
}
.issue-article-authors {
    color: #00197b;
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-top: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    white-space: normal;
    word-break: normal;
}
.issue-author-label {
    color: #2f3945;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-right: 4px;
}
.issue-article-abstract {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.issue-article-keywords {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.issue-article-keywords strong {
    color: var(--text-dark);
}
.issue-article-actions {
    border-top: 1px solid #dde2e7;
    padding-top: 10px;
}
.issue-article-actions .btn {
    min-width: 88px;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.issue-article-share {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}
.issue-article-share-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: calc(100% + 8px);
    z-index: 50;
    min-width: 220px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #dde2e7;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(20, 40, 100, 0.18);
    padding: 8px;
}
.issue-article-share.open .issue-article-share-menu {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 4px;
}
.issue-article-share-menu .share-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    color: #1a3a5c;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: background 0.15s ease, color 0.15s ease;
}
.issue-article-share-menu .share-link:hover {
    background: #f1f4fa;
    color: #0e2167;
}
.issue-article-share-menu .share-link i {
    width: 20px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.issue-article-share-menu .share-facebook i { color: #1877f2; }
.issue-article-share-menu .share-twitter i { color: #000000; }
.issue-article-share-menu .share-linkedin i { color: #0a66c2; }
.issue-article-share-menu .share-whatsapp i { color: #25d366; }
.issue-article-share-menu .share-telegram i { color: #229ed9; }
.issue-article-share-menu .share-email i { color: #c9a84c; }
.issue-article-doi {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.issue-article-feedback {
    min-height: 20px;
    margin-top: 8px;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Page Header */
.page-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--bg-dark));
    color: #fff;
    padding: 50px 0;
}
.page-header h1 { font-weight: 800; font-size: 2.3rem; margin-bottom: 5px; }
.page-header p { opacity: 0.85; font-size: 1.05rem; margin-bottom: 0; }

/* Scroll to Top */
.scroll-top {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 30px; right: 30px;
    width: 45px; height: 45px;
    background: var(--accent);
    color: var(--bg-dark);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 50%;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transition: var(--transition);
    z-index: 999;
}
.scroll-top:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; transform: translateY(-3px); }
.scroll-top.show { display: flex; }

/* Responsive */
@media (min-width: 1400px) {
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 3.1rem; }
    .container, .container-xl, .container-lg, .container-md, .container-sm { max-width: 1320px; }
    .hero-section p { font-size: 1.18rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-number { font-size: 2.35rem; }
    .section-title { font-size: 2rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-code { font-size: 1.75rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand small { font-size: 0.9rem; letter-spacing: 3.5px; }
    .editor-card { padding: 36px 24px; }
    .editor-card .editor-img { width: 130px; height: 130px; }
    .info-box { padding: 36px 24px; }
    .info-box .info-icon { font-size: 2.8rem; }
    .top-paper-search { min-width: 360px; }
    .top-paper-search-group { min-height: 50px; }
}

@media (max-width: 1199.98px) {
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 2.3rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-code { font-size: 1.45rem; line-height: 1.25; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-logo { width: 72px; height: 72px; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand { gap: 12px; }
    .top-paper-search { min-width: 260px; }
    .top-user-link { padding: 0 12px; min-height: 42px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .page-content { padding: 45px 0; }
}
@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .navbar .nav-link {
        padding: 12px 16px !important;
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-bottom: 6px;
    }
    .navbar .dropdown-menu {
        background: rgba(6, 16, 28, 0.55);
        border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
        margin-top: 6px;
        position: static !important;
        border-radius: 10px;
    }
    .navbar .navbar-collapse {
        background: rgba(10, 24, 40, 0.9);
        border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
        border-radius: 14px;
        margin-top: 10px;
        padding: 12px;
        backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
        max-height: 70vh;
        overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .top-bar-tools {
        margin-top: 8px;
        justify-content: center;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    .top-paper-search {
        max-width: 100%;
        min-width: 0;
        flex: 1 1 100%;
    }
    .navbar { padding: 4px 0; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-logo {
        width: 60px;
        height: 60px;
    }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-code {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
        line-height: 1.2;
    }
    .navbar .navbar-brand small {
        font-size: 0.65rem;
        letter-spacing: 2px;
    }
    .hero-section { padding: 60px 0 40px; }
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-item { border-right: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.15); padding: 15px; }
    .cfp-section h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
    .cfp-section { padding: 50px 0; }
    .sidebar { margin-top: 40px; }
    .portal-login-brand {
        padding: 36px 24px;
    }
    .portal-login-body {
        padding: 30px 24px;
    }
    .issue-article-title {
        font-size: 1.15rem;
    }
    .top-bar .container > .row > [class*="col-"] {
        text-align: center !important;
    }
    .top-bar .contact-info-inline {
        justify-content: center;
    }
    .role-switch { gap: 6px; }
    .role-switch .form-check-label { font-size: 0.82rem; padding: 8px 4px; }
}
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .top-bar { font-size: 0.78rem; padding: 7px 0; }
    .top-bar .text-end { text-align: center !important; margin-top: 5px; }
    .top-user-links {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 6px;
    }
    .top-user-link { padding: 0 10px; min-height: 38px; font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .top-user-link i { font-size: 0.9rem; }
    .top-paper-search-group { min-height: 42px; }
    .top-paper-search-group .form-control { padding: 9px 14px; font-size: 0.92rem; }
    .top-paper-search-group .btn { width: 50px; font-size: 1rem; }
    .hero-section { padding: 40px 0 30px; }
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
    .hero-section p { font-size: 0.95rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-number { font-size: 1.5rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-label { font-size: 0.72rem; letter-spacing: 0.8px; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-item { padding: 14px 8px; }
    .section-title { font-size: 1.4rem; }
    .section-subtitle { font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 25px; }
    .page-header h1 { font-size: 1.7rem; }
    .page-header { padding: 30px 0; }
    .page-header p { font-size: 0.95rem; }
    footer { padding: 40px 0 0; }
    footer .col-md-4 { margin-bottom: 25px; }
    footer h5 { font-size: 1rem; }
    footer p, footer ul li { font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .editor-card .editor-img { width: 96px; height: 96px; }
    .editor-card { padding: 22px 14px; }
    .editor-card h5 { font-size: 0.98rem; }
    .info-box { padding: 22px 14px; }
    .info-box .info-icon { font-size: 2.1rem; }
    .breadcrumb-section { padding: 25px 0; }
    .breadcrumb-section h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
    .portal-login-section { padding: 34px 0; }
    .portal-login-brand h2 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
    .portal-login-body { padding: 24px 20px; }
    .portal-login-body h3 { font-size: 1.35rem; }
    .portal-login-logo { width: 70px; height: 70px; }
    .portal-login-logo img { width: 44px; height: 44px; }
    .role-switch {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 6px;
    }
    .role-switch .form-check-label { font-size: 0.78rem; padding: 8px 4px; }
    .issue-article-card { padding: 14px; }
    .issue-article-title { font-size: 1rem; }
    .issue-article-doi { width: 100%; }
    .issue-article-actions .btn { font-size: 0.8rem; padding: 6px 12px; min-width: 0; flex: 1 1 auto; }
    .timeline { padding-left: 22px; }
    .timeline-item { padding: 14px; }
    .timeline-item::before { left: -21px; }
    .timeline::before { left: 4px; }
    .registration-tabs { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 4px; }
    .registration-tabs .nav-link { margin: 2px; padding: 9px 16px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .registration-heading { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
    .registration-heading .info-icon { margin: 0 auto 10px !important; }
    .cfp-section .deadline-item { font-size: 0.9rem; }
    .cfp-section .btn-accent, .cfp-section .btn-outline-light { display: block; width: 100%; margin: 6px 0; }
    .page-content h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
    .page-content h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .alert-accent { flex-direction: column; text-align: center; }
    .alert-accent i { margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important; }
    .search-box .form-check-inline { margin: 4px 6px; }
    .search-box .form-check-label { font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .contact-card-icons .btn { width: 40px !important; height: 40px !important; font-size: 0.9rem; }
    .issue-article-head { gap: 8px; }
}
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .top-bar .col-12 + .col-12 { margin-top: 4px; }
    .top-bar .navbar-nav .nav-link { font-size: 0.75rem; padding: 5px 8px !important; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-code { font-size: 1.05rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand small { font-size: 0.6rem; letter-spacing: 1.5px; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-logo { width: 50px; height: 50px; }
    .navbar .navbar-toggler { padding: 4px 8px; }
    .navbar-toggler-icon { width: 1.1em; height: 1.1em; }
    .hero-section { padding: 32px 0 24px; }
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
    .hero-section .badge-accent { font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 7px 14px; }
    .hero-metrics { border-radius: 12px; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-item { padding: 12px 6px; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-number { font-size: 1.3rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-label { font-size: 0.66rem; letter-spacing: 0.6px; }
    .btn { font-size: 0.85rem; padding: 8px 16px; }
    .btn.rounded-pill.px-4, .btn.rounded-pill.px-5 { padding-left: 1rem !important; padding-right: 1rem !important; }
    .card .card-body { padding: 18px; }
    .page-content { padding: 32px 0; }
    .section-title { font-size: 1.25rem; }
    .footer-row .col-md-6 { flex: 0 0 100%; max-width: 100%; }
    .scroll-top { width: 40px; height: 40px; font-size: 0.95rem; bottom: 18px; right: 18px; }
    .editor-card { padding: 18px 12px; }
    .editor-card h5 { font-size: 0.92rem; }
    .info-box { padding: 18px 12px; }
    .info-box h5 { font-size: 0.92rem; }
    .info-box p { font-size: 0.8rem; }
    .timeline-item h5 { font-size: 1rem; }
    .timeline-item p { font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .issue-article-title { font-size: 0.95rem; }
    .issue-article-authors { font-size: 0.9rem; }
    .issue-article-abstract, .issue-article-keywords { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .issue-article-actions { gap: 6px; }
    .issue-article-actions .btn { font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 5px 9px; }
    .issue-article-actions .btn i { font-size: 0.8rem; }
    .guidelines-list li { padding: 14px 16px 14px 50px; font-size: 0.9rem; }
    .guidelines-list li::before { left: 10px; width: 28px; height: 28px; font-size: 0.8rem; }
    .navbar-collapse { max-height: 65vh; }
    .nav-link { font-size: 0.85rem !important; }
    .navbar .dropdown-item { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .portal-login-section { padding: 24px 0; }
    .portal-login-brand { padding: 26px 18px; }
    .portal-login-body { padding: 22px 18px; }
    .portal-login-brand h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; }
    .portal-login-body h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .portal-login-benefit { font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .portal-login-meta { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .role-switch { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .role-switch .form-check-label { font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 7px 3px; }
    .registration-tabs .nav-link { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.78rem; }
    .card-body.p-4.p-lg-5 { padding: 1rem !important; }
    .cfp-section h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; }
    .breadcrumb-section h1 { font-size: 1.3rem; }
    .breadcrumb-section .breadcrumb { font-size: 0.82rem; }
    .alert-accent { padding: 0.75rem; }
    .alert-accent .btn { margin: 4px 4px 0 0 !important; }
    .issue-article-card { padding: 12px; }
    .top-user-link span { display: none; }
    .top-user-link { width: 36px; height: 36px; padding: 0; justify-content: center; min-height: 0; }
    .top-user-link i { font-size: 0.95rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 380.98px) {
    .top-user-link {
        width: 34px;
        height: 34px;
        justify-content: center;
        padding: 0;
        min-height: 0;
    }
    .navbar .navbar-brand { font-size: 1rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand { gap: 8px; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-logo {
        width: 44px;
        height: 44px;
        padding: 2px;
    }
    .navbar .navbar-brand .brand-code { font-size: 0.92rem; }
    .navbar .navbar-brand small {
        font-size: 0.52rem;
        letter-spacing: 1.1px;
    }
    .hero-section h1 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-number { font-size: 1.1rem; }
    .hero-metrics .metric-label { font-size: 0.6rem; }
    .search-box .form-control { font-size: 0.82rem; padding: 9px 12px; }
    .search-box .btn-search { padding: 9px 14px; font-size: 0.8rem; }
    .scroll-top { bottom: 14px; right: 14px; width: 36px; height: 36px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .cfp-section .deadline-item strong { min-width: 0; display: block; margin-bottom: 2px; }
    .card .card-body { padding: 14px; }
    .navbar-collapse { padding: 8px; }
    .navbar .nav-link { padding: 6px 10px !important; font-size: 0.75rem !important; }
    .footer h5 { font-size: 0.95rem; }
    .top-paper-search-group .form-control { padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.85rem; }
    .top-paper-search-group .btn { width: 44px; }
}

/* Print */
@media print {
    .top-bar, .navbar, footer, .scroll-top, .cfp-section { display: none !important; }
    .hero-section { padding: 20px 0; background: #fff !important; color: #333 !important; }
    .card { box-shadow: none; border: 1px solid #ddd; }
}

/* Responsive helper utilities */
.contact-info-inline {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 4px;
}
.contact-info-inline > * { white-space: nowrap; }

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .top-bar .col-xl-5, .top-bar .col-xl-7 { text-align: center; }
    .top-bar .top-bar-tools { justify-content: center; }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .navbar-expand-xl .navbar-collapse { display: flex !important; flex-basis: auto; }
    .navbar-expand-xl .navbar-toggler { display: none; }
}

.text-break-word { word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

/* Prevent horizontal scroll on very narrow screens */
html, body { max-width: 100vw; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
.table-responsive-sm { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }

/* Off-canvas spacing for fixed/sticky elements on mobile */
@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .navbar { padding-left: 0.5rem; padding-right: 0.5rem; }
    .container, .container-fluid { padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; }
}

/* Social icon button */
.social-icon-btn {
    width: 45px;
    height: 45px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.social-icon-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }

/* Issue article action buttons: icon-only on very small screens */
@media (max-width: 380.98px) {
    .issue-article-buttons .btn { padding: 5px 8px !important; font-size: 0 !important; }
    .issue-article-buttons .btn i { font-size: 0.9rem; margin: 0 !important; }
    .issue-article-buttons { gap: 4px !important; }
}

/* Issue page title responsive */
.issue-page-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    word-break: break-word;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .issue-page-title { font-size: 1.75rem; }
}
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .issue-page-title { font-size: 1.95rem; }
}

/* Navbar overflow safety */
.navbar .container { flex-wrap: nowrap; }
.navbar .navbar-brand {
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: calc(100% - 60px);
    overflow: hidden;
}
.navbar .navbar-brand .brand-copy {
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.navbar .navbar-toggler { flex-shrink: 0; }

/* Smooth focus for mobile-friendly tap targets */
.btn, .nav-link, .top-user-link, .social-icon-btn {
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(201, 168, 76, 0.18);
}

/* Make long words break on small screens */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, .card-title {
    overflow-wrap: break-word;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* ============================================================
   ACCESSIBILITY — WCAG 2.2
   ============================================================ */

/* Skip to main content link */
.skip-to-content {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    background: var(--primary);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 24px;
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    z-index: 9999;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: top 0.2s ease;
}
.skip-to-content:focus {
    top: 0;
    outline: 3px solid var(--accent);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Focus-visible keyboard rings (replaces suppressed :focus outlines) */
:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid var(--accent) !important;
    outline-offset: 2px !important;
    border-radius: 3px;
}
/* Remove outline for mouse/touch users only when :focus-visible is supported */
:focus:not(:focus-visible) {
    outline: none;
}

/* Ensure interactive elements always have a minimum size (touch target) */
.btn, .nav-link, .dropdown-item,
a.top-user-link, .social-links a {
    min-height: 44px;
    min-width: 44px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}
.nav-link {
    min-width: unset; /* nav links stretch, don't need fixed min-width */
}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE — TABLE OVERFLOW (WCAG + Mobile UX)
   ============================================================ */

/* Any table outside of Bootstrap's .table-responsive should still scroll on mobile */
.table-scroll-wrapper,
.page-content table:not(.no-scroll) {
    overflow-x: auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
}

/* Ensure Bootstrap tables inside these wrappers render correctly */
.page-content .table {
    min-width: 500px;
}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE — FORM IMPROVEMENTS
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 575.98px) {
    .form-control, .form-select {
        font-size: 1rem; /* Prevent iOS auto-zoom on inputs < 16px */
    }

    /* Stack all inline form groups on very small screens */
    .row.g-3 > [class*="col-"] {
        width: 100%;
    }
}

/* ============================================================
   RESPONSIVE — HEADER & TOP BAR IMPROVEMENTS
   ============================================================ */

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .top-bar-tools {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        gap: 8px;
    }
    .top-paper-search {
        min-width: 0;
        flex: 1 1 100%;
        order: 2;
    }
    .top-user-links {
        order: 1;
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: flex-end;
    }
    .top-user-link span {
        display: none; /* icon-only on very small screens */
    }
    .top-user-link {
        min-width: 44px;
        padding: 0 10px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 380px) {
    .topbar-logo {
        width: 50px;
    }
    .topbar-code {
        font-size: 0.75rem;
    }
    .topbar-meta {
        font-size: 0.6rem;
    }
}

/* ============================================================
   UI POLISH — BUTTON & INTERACTION CONSISTENCY
   ============================================================ */

/* Ensure all primary buttons have consistent hover/focus */
.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--primary);
    border-color: var(--primary);
    color: #fff;
}
.btn-primary:hover, .btn-primary:focus {
    background-color: var(--primary-light);
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    color: #fff;
}
.btn-warning, .btn-accent {
    background-color: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: #1a3a5c;
    font-weight: 600;
}
.btn-warning:hover, .btn-accent:hover {
    background-color: var(--accent-light);
    border-color: var(--accent-light);
    color: #1a3a5c;
}

/* Card hover transitions */
.card {
    transition: var(--transition);
}
.card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.card:focus-within {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
}

/* ============================================================
   PERFORMANCE — FONT DISPLAY
   ============================================================ */

/* Apply font-display swap via @font-face if self-hosting in future */
/* Currently handled by ?display=swap parameter in Google Fonts URL */

/* ============================================================
   PRINT STYLES
   ============================================================ */

@media print {
    .navbar, .top-bar, footer, .sidebar,
    .btn, .scroll-top-btn, .skip-to-content {
        display: none !important;
    }
    body {
        font-size: 12pt;
        color: #000;
        background: #fff;
    }
    a[href]::after {
        content: " (" attr(href) ")";
        font-size: 0.75em;
        color: #555;
    }
    a[href^="#"]::after,
    a[href^="javascript:"]::after {
        content: "";
    }
}

/* Right Sidebar */
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget h5 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
}
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget ul li {
    padding: 5px 0;
}
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget ul li a {
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: block;
}
.site-sidebar .sidebar-widget ul li a:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
    padding-left: 4px;
}
.site-sidebar .widget-issn {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
}
.site-sidebar .cta-box {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--bg-dark));
    color: #fff;
    padding: 20px 20px 28px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    text-align: center;
}